Male tubercular ward at Buffalo City Hospital, ca. 1920. Sun porch at Buffalo City Hospital. Buffalo Sanitary Bulletin, Tuberculosis in Buffalo Issue, 1927. Reproduced by permission of the Buffalo & Erie County Public Library, Buffalo, New York. Buffalo City Hospital nursing student, 1918-1920. Dental clinic and staff, Buffalo City Hospital, 1931. Photo from The Buffalo City Hospital Annual, 1931. 19 In a very short time the hospital originally conceived as a TB sanitarium became one of only 12 of 7,000 in the nation to treat all diseases. It had also become one of the leading teaching facilities in the country, providing training for physicians, dentists, nurses, and dieticians. The hospital’s School of Nursing was founded in 1919 and was the first diploma nursing school in Buffalo to include university courses, racially integrate students, and admit men. In 1926, Dr. Daniel H. Squire, the dean of UB School of Dentistry, established a dental department at City Hospital, the first hospital department in the country to be part of a dental school. In an article he co-authored with University Chancellor Samuel P. Capen, Dr. Squire wrote: “The conclusion of medical research in regard to infectious disease has materially changed the future of dentistry because the dental pulp and the supporting structures of the teeth have been acknowledged to be one of the most common foci of bodily infection...The value of dentistry in the preservation of human life will no longer be measured by a delicate technical skill but by a thorough knowledge of the pathology of disease.” By 1940, the dental clinic at the hospital was providing care to many of the city’s neediest families with 16 dental chairs kept busy six days a week. Within a few years, Buffalo City Hospital was in the forefront of modern American hospitals both for its breadth of care—treatment was available for every conceivable ailment known to man—and for its advanced practices for patient recuperation. It was in fact one of the first institutions in the world treating all medical problems. It was also one of the first hospitals with an expansive program of education and occupational therapy for patients. Patients worked as cabinetmakers in woodshops, created printed materials for the hospital in a print shop, and made and mended uniforms, aprons, caps, and collars in the sewing department. Buffalo City Hospital 1918-1939